Contrast or difference between ideas:

Example: 

Greenhouse gas emissions have decreased in developed nations, whereas emerging economies still heavily rely on carbon-intensive industries.

This sentence shows the difference between developed and emerging economies. 

Contradiction or conflict between ideas: 

Example:

Although global temperatures continue to rise, some regions experience cooling.

Now, think about it. If global temperatures continue to rise, they should rise everywhere, right? But there is a conflict here; some regions are getting cooler. 

Some IELTS candidates use ‘whereas’ and ‘although’ interchangeably as if they are synonyms. This can negatively impact the meaning of our writing. 

In light of this, now I must say, ‘Be careful with these words,’ but I guess you get the point. So, I won’t say, ‘Be careful.’ 

Be careful, though. 

These transitional words (yet and despite) also show contradictions:

Some people love to travel, yet they rarely take vacations.

Despite their busy schedule, some people manage to find time for daily meditation to maintain a balanced lifestyle.

‘However’ is a wicked linker; it shows both contradictions and contrasts: 

Urban lifestyle is fast-paced; however, the countryside is tranquil. (contrast)

Some people claim to lead healthy lifestyles; however, their daily routines consist of fast food. (contradiction)

‘But’ is also wicked; it shows both a contradiction and contrast: 

Some people enjoy the hustle and bustle of city life, but they also dream of retiring in a quiet countryside cottage. (contrast)

Some people insist on living a minimalist lifestyle, but their homes are filled with various decorations. (contradiction)